CVE-2023-4233Network attack vector

Remote code execution via unchecked SMS address length

Published Apr 17, 2024 · Updated Nov 4, 2025

Stack-based buffer overflow in oFono before 2.1 allows remote attackers to execute code through a crafted SMS PDU. sms_decode_address_field() derives byte_len from the untrusted address length and passes it to extract_bcd_number(), which writes two output bytes per input byte into a fixed stack buffer without checking its capacity. A malicious base station, compromised modem, or delivered SMS can reach the parser without authentication, and successful exploitation runs code as the service account.

CVSS severity8.1
High
EPSS probability1.01%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Stack-based buffer overflow in oFono before 2.1 allows remote attackers to execute code through a crafted SMS PDU. sms_decode_address_field() derives byte_len from the untrusted address length and passes it to extract_bcd_number(), which writes two output bytes per input byte into a fixed stack buffer without checking its capacity. A malicious base station, compromised modem, or delivered SMS can reach the parser without authentication, and successful exploitation runs code as the service account.

The record

CVE
CVE-2023-4233
Published
Apr 17, 2024
Updated
Nov 4, 2025
Vendor
Fedora Project
Product
Fedora Linux
Classifications
CWE-119, T1203
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Apr 17, 2024CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Nov 4, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Affected versions are unavailable in this record. Check the vendor advisory for version and patch details.

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

Fedora Project · Fedora LinuxAffected versions are unavailable in this record.
oFono Project · oFonoversion=2.1

Published CVSS scores

8.1Fedora ProjectCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 9, 2026Sep 15, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 15, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-119Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer
T1203Exploitation for Client Execution

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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