CVE-2023-4225Public exploitNetwork attack vector

Authenticated code execution via unrestricted PHP upload

Published Nov 28, 2023 · Updated Jun 5, 2025

Unrestricted file upload in Chamilo LMS 1.11.24 and earlier allows remote authenticated users to execute code through crafted uploads. The upload path in main/inc/ajax/exercise.ajax.php appends attacker-named chunks to the web-accessible app/cache directory without rejecting dangerous filenames or file types, enabling .htaccess modification and PHP web-shell execution. A learner account and access to view an open course are sufficient; course enrollment is not required, and exploitation runs code as the web-server user.

CVSS severity8.8
High
EPSS probability1.83%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
Coverage for this vulnerability

See if you're affected

Explore vulnerability checks for your environment with Hinoki.

Book a demo

Summary

What happened

Unrestricted file upload in Chamilo LMS 1.11.24 and earlier allows remote authenticated users to execute code through crafted uploads. The upload path in main/inc/ajax/exercise.ajax.php appends attacker-named chunks to the web-accessible app/cache directory without rejecting dangerous filenames or file types, enabling .htaccess modification and PHP web-shell execution. A learner account and access to view an open course are sufficient; course enrollment is not required, and exploitation runs code as the web-server user.

The record

CVE
CVE-2023-4225
Published
Nov 28, 2023
Updated
Jun 5, 2025
Vendor
Chamilo
Product
Chamilo LMS
Classifications
CWE-434, CAPEC-650, T1505.003
Attack vector
network
Privileges
authenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Nov 28, 2023CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Jun 5, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

Compare your product and version with the public record. A matching version still requires validation against your environment.

Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=0 <=1.11.24

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesauthenticated

What is affected?

Chamilo · Chamilo LMSversion=0 <=1.11.24

Published CVSS scores

8.8NIST NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
8.8STAR Labs SG Pte. Ltd.CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-434Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type
CAPEC-650Upload a Web Shell to a Web Server
T1505.003Web Shell

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

See the directory against your own environment.

Your stack

Check the software in your environment

Book a demo to see how Hinoki identifies affected software and validates exploitability in your environment.

Book a demo