CVE-2023-4195Public exploitNetwork attack vector

Authenticated code execution via unrestricted PHPS upload

Published Aug 6, 2023 · Updated Oct 9, 2024

PHP remote file inclusion in Cockpit CMS before 2.6.3 allows remote authenticated users to execute server-side code via asset upload. The Assets handler in modules/Assets/bootstrap.php blocks php, phar, and phtml extensions but omits phps, allowing executable PHP source into web-accessible storage. A low-privileged account with access to the system file upload utility is sufficient to run code under the web server account.

CVSS severity9.9
Critical
EPSS probability1.05%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

PHP remote file inclusion in Cockpit CMS before 2.6.3 allows remote authenticated users to execute server-side code via asset upload. The Assets handler in modules/Assets/bootstrap.php blocks php, phar, and phtml extensions but omits phps, allowing executable PHP source into web-accessible storage. A low-privileged account with access to the system file upload utility is sufficient to run code under the web server account.

The record

CVE
CVE-2023-4195
Published
Aug 6, 2023
Updated
Oct 9, 2024
Vendor
Cockpit HQ
Product
Cockpit CMS
Classifications
CWE-98, T1190
Attack vector
network
Privileges
authenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Aug 6, 2023CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Oct 9, 2024Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=0 <2.6.3
  2. Affected versionversion=unspecified <2.6.3

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesauthenticated

What is affected?

Cockpit HQ · Cockpit CMSversion=0 <2.6.3; version=unspecified <2.6.3

Published CVSS scores

9.9huntr.devCVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:H/A:H
8.8NIST NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-98Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion')
T1190Exploit Public-Facing Application

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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