CVE-2023-41544Public exploitNetwork attack vector

Unauthenticated code execution via unrestricted FreeMarker templates

Published Dec 30, 2023 · Updated Aug 2, 2024

Server-side template injection in JeecgBoot 3.5.3 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code through loadTableData requests. The FreeMarkerUtils path builds a FreeMarker Template from the attacker-controlled sql field and calls Template.process without restricting accessible classes. The endpoint performs no identity verification, so a crafted HTTP request can invoke FreeMarker Execute and run commands with the application process privileges.

CVSS severity9.8
Critical
EPSS probability2.68%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Server-side template injection in JeecgBoot 3.5.3 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code through loadTableData requests. The FreeMarkerUtils path builds a FreeMarker Template from the attacker-controlled sql field and calls Template.process without restricting accessible classes. The endpoint performs no identity verification, so a crafted HTTP request can invoke FreeMarker Execute and run commands with the application process privileges.

The record

CVE
CVE-2023-41544
Published
Dec 30, 2023
Updated
Aug 2, 2024
Vendor
Unknown vendor
Product
Unknown product
Classifications
CWE-94, T1190
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Dec 30, 2023CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Aug 2, 2024Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Affected buildAffected product and version details are unavailable.

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

Affected products and versions are unavailable in this record.

Published CVSS scores

9.8National Vulnerability DatabaseCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

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No observations available

Sep 9, 2026Sep 15, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 15, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-94Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
T1190Exploit Public-Facing Application

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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