CVE-2023-41329

Domain restriction bypass via DNS rebinding race

Published Sep 6, 2023 · Updated Sep 26, 2024

DNS rebinding in WireMock 2.x before 2.35.1 and 3.x before 3.0.3 allows remote authenticated users to reach blocked destinations. The destination filter validates a domain's initial DNS answer, then resolves it again for the outbound request, allowing an attacker-controlled short-lived record to change to a prohibited address between those steps. Exploitation requires control of DNS responses, access sufficient to invoke proxying or recording, domain-based restrictions, and favorable timing; the result is limited outbound access to a blocked target.

CVSS severity3.9
Low
EPSS probability0.63%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

DNS rebinding in WireMock 2.x before 2.35.1 and 3.x before 3.0.3 allows remote authenticated users to reach blocked destinations. The destination filter validates a domain's initial DNS answer, then resolves it again for the outbound request, allowing an attacker-controlled short-lived record to change to a prohibited address between those steps. Exploitation requires control of DNS responses, access sufficient to invoke proxying or recording, domain-based restrictions, and favorable timing; the result is limited outbound access to a blocked target.

The record

CVE
CVE-2023-41329
Published
Sep 6, 2023
Updated
Sep 26, 2024
Vendor
WireMock
Product
WireMock
Classifications
CWE-350, T1090
Attack vector
adjacent
Privileges
admin

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Sep 6, 2023CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Sep 26, 2024Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

Compare your product and version with the public record. A matching version still requires validation against your environment.

Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=com.tomakehurst.wiremock:wiremock-jre8: < 2.35.1
  2. Affected versionversion=com.tomakehurst.wiremock:wiremock-jre8-standalone: < 2.35.1
  3. Affected versionversion=org.wiremock:wiremock: < 3.0.3
  4. Affected versionversion=org.wiremock:wiremock-standalone: < 3.0.3
  5. Affected versionversion=pypi: wiremock: < 2.6.1
  6. Affected versionversion=wiremock/wiremock: < 2.35.1-1
  7. Affected versionversion=wiremock/wiremock: >= 3.0.0, < 3.0.3-1

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectoradjacent
Required privilegesadmin

What is affected?

WireMock · WireMockversion=com.tomakehurst.wiremock:wiremock-jre8: < 2.35.1; version=com.tomakehurst.wiremock:wiremock-jre8-standalone: < 2.35.1; version=org.wiremock:wiremock: < 3.0.3; version=org.wiremock:wiremock-standalone: < 3.0.3; version=pypi: wiremock: < 2.6.1; version=wiremock/wiremock: < 2.35.1-1; version=wiremock/wiremock: >= 3.0.0, < 3.0.3-1

Published CVSS scores

3.9GitHub, Inc.CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L
6.6NIST NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 9, 2026Sep 15, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 15, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectoradjacent
Privilegesadmin
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-350Reliance on Reverse DNS Resolution for a Security-Critical Action
T1090Proxy

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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