CVE-2023-40160Network attack vector

Unauthenticated file disclosure via CGI path traversal

Published Mar 18, 2024 · Updated Mar 24, 2025

Path traversal in A.K.I Software PMailServer2 pmmls.exe 2.5.1.561 and earlier allows remote attackers to read arbitrary server files. The flaw resides in pmmls.exe file-path handling, but the vendor and JVN do not disclose the affected request parameter or exact validation error. Exploitation requires network access to a web server running pmmls.exe as an executable CGI and exposes readable server files without authentication.

CVSS severity3.7
Low
EPSS probability0.99%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
Coverage for this vulnerability

See if you're affected

Explore vulnerability checks for your environment with Hinoki.

Book a demo

Summary

What happened

Path traversal in A.K.I Software PMailServer2 pmmls.exe 2.5.1.561 and earlier allows remote attackers to read arbitrary server files. The flaw resides in pmmls.exe file-path handling, but the vendor and JVN do not disclose the affected request parameter or exact validation error. Exploitation requires network access to a web server running pmmls.exe as an executable CGI and exposes readable server files without authentication.

The record

CVE
CVE-2023-40160
Published
Mar 18, 2024
Updated
Mar 24, 2025
Vendor
A.K.I Software
Product
PMailServer2 Mailing List Search CGI (PMMLS)
Classifications
CWE-22, T1190
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Mar 18, 2024CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Mar 24, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

Compare your product and version with the public record. A matching version still requires validation against your environment.

Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=2.5.1.561 and earlier

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

A.K.I Software · PMailServer2 Mailing List Search CGI (PMMLS)version=2.5.1.561 and earlier

Published CVSS scores

4.3JPCERT/CC and IPA JVNAV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:N/A:N
3.7JPCERT/CC and IPA JVNCVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
3.7CISA-ADPCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 9, 2026Sep 15, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 15, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-22Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
T1190Exploit Public-Facing Application

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

See the directory against your own environment.

Your stack

Check the software in your environment

Book a demo to see how Hinoki identifies affected software and validates exploitability in your environment.

Book a demo