CVE-2023-3991Network attack vector

Unauthenticated command execution via iperfrun CGI request

Published Oct 16, 2023 · Updated Sep 16, 2024

OS command injection in FreshTomato 2023.3 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands through a crafted HTTP request. The httpd iperfrun.cgi handler processes attacker-controlled request data as an OS command without adequate neutralization; the affected parameter is undisclosed. The interface must be network-reachable, but no authentication or user interaction is required to execute commands on the router.

CVSS severity10.0
Critical
EPSS probability2.43%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

OS command injection in FreshTomato 2023.3 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands through a crafted HTTP request. The httpd iperfrun.cgi handler processes attacker-controlled request data as an OS command without adequate neutralization; the affected parameter is undisclosed. The interface must be network-reachable, but no authentication or user interaction is required to execute commands on the router.

The record

CVE
CVE-2023-3991
Published
Oct 16, 2023
Updated
Sep 16, 2024
Vendor
FreshTomato Project
Product
FreshTomato
Classifications
CWE-78, CAPEC-88, T1059
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Oct 16, 2023CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Sep 16, 2024Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=2023.3

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

FreshTomato Project · FreshTomatoversion=2023.3

Published CVSS scores

10.0GovTech CSGCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
9.8NIST NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-78Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
CAPEC-88OS Command Injection
T1059Command and Scripting Interpreter

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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