CVE-2023-39780Known exploitationPublic exploitNetwork attack vector

Authenticated command execution via QoS rule injection

Published Sep 11, 2023 · Updated Oct 21, 2025

OS command injection in ASUS RT-AX55 3.0.0.4.386.51598 allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary commands through QoS settings. The sbin/rc QoS routine takes the third field of qos_bw_rulelist from NVRAM, writes it into /tmp/qos without filtering shell metacharacters, and executes that script. Access to the router's authenticated management interface is required; injected commands run on the appliance and can fully compromise it.

CVSS severity8.8
High
EPSS probability40.19%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationReported
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

OS command injection in ASUS RT-AX55 3.0.0.4.386.51598 allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary commands through QoS settings. The sbin/rc QoS routine takes the third field of qos_bw_rulelist from NVRAM, writes it into /tmp/qos without filtering shell metacharacters, and executes that script. Access to the router's authenticated management interface is required; injected commands run on the appliance and can fully compromise it.

The record

CVE
CVE-2023-39780
Published
Sep 11, 2023
Updated
Oct 21, 2025
Vendor
ASUSTeK Computer Inc.
Product
RT-AX55
Classifications
CWE-78, CWE-77, T1059.004
Attack vector
network
Privileges
authenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Sep 11, 2023CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Oct 21, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=3.0.0.4.386.51598

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesauthenticated

What is affected?

ASUSTeK Computer Inc. · RT-AX55version=3.0.0.4.386.51598

Published CVSS scores

8.8NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

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No observations available

Sep 9, 2026Sep 15, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 15, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesauthenticated
Known exploitationReported
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-78Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
CWE-77Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
T1059.004Unix Shell

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Reported exploitation

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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