CVE-2023-3941Network attack vector

Arbitrary file write via unchecked upload paths

Published May 21, 2024 · Updated Aug 2, 2024

Relative path traversal in ZKTeco OEM firmware ZAM170-NF-1.8.25-7354-Ver1.0.0 allows remote attackers to write arbitrary files as root. The standalonecomm service on TCP port 4370 passes upload-command pathnames to a privileged file-write function without restricting them to an intended directory. The proprietary protocol uses COMKey authentication, but its default value is zero, so unchanged devices accept unauthenticated requests; overwritten files can alter device data or code.

CVSS severity10.0
Critical
EPSS probability0.92%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
Coverage for this vulnerability

See if you're affected

Explore vulnerability checks for your environment with Hinoki.

Book a demo

Summary

What happened

Relative path traversal in ZKTeco OEM firmware ZAM170-NF-1.8.25-7354-Ver1.0.0 allows remote attackers to write arbitrary files as root. The standalonecomm service on TCP port 4370 passes upload-command pathnames to a privileged file-write function without restricting them to an intended directory. The proprietary protocol uses COMKey authentication, but its default value is zero, so unchanged devices accept unauthenticated requests; overwritten files can alter device data or code.

The record

CVE
CVE-2023-3941
Published
May 21, 2024
Updated
Aug 2, 2024
Vendor
ZKTeco
Product
Smartec ST-FR043
Classifications
CWE-23, CAPEC-126, T1105
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. May 21, 2024CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Aug 2, 2024Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

Compare your product and version with the public record. A matching version still requires validation against your environment.

Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=0 <=ZAM170-NF-1.8.25-7354-Ver1.0.0

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

ZKTeco · Smartec ST-FR043version=0 <=ZAM170-NF-1.8.25-7354-Ver1.0.0
ZKTeco · Smartec ST-FR041MEversion=0 <=ZAM170-NF-1.8.25-7354-Ver1.0.0
ZKTeco · FaceDepot-7Bversion=0 <=ZAM170-NF-1.8.25-7354-Ver1.0.0

Published CVSS scores

10.0KasperskyCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-23Relative Path Traversal
CAPEC-126Path Traversal
T1105Ingress Tool Transfer

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

See the directory against your own environment.

Your stack

Check the software in your environment

Book a demo to see how Hinoki identifies affected software and validates exploitability in your environment.

Book a demo