CVE-2023-3939Network attack vector

Root command execution via unsanitized handler input

Published May 21, 2024 · Updated Aug 2, 2024

OS command injection in ZKTeco-based OEM terminals running ZAM170-NF-1.8.25-7354-Ver1.0.0 allows remote attackers to execute commands as root. TCP photo-deletion handlers pass unsanitized user-supplied filenames to system(), while PushCommandExecute handlers pass crafted cloud-server response data to the same shell primitive. Network reachability to the terminal or control over a configured cloud server is sufficient, and successful injection grants superuser control over device data and operation.

CVSS severity10.0
Critical
EPSS probability1.32%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

OS command injection in ZKTeco-based OEM terminals running ZAM170-NF-1.8.25-7354-Ver1.0.0 allows remote attackers to execute commands as root. TCP photo-deletion handlers pass unsanitized user-supplied filenames to system(), while PushCommandExecute handlers pass crafted cloud-server response data to the same shell primitive. Network reachability to the terminal or control over a configured cloud server is sufficient, and successful injection grants superuser control over device data and operation.

The record

CVE
CVE-2023-3939
Published
May 21, 2024
Updated
Aug 2, 2024
Vendor
ZKTeco
Product
Smartec ST-FR043
Classifications
CWE-78, CAPEC-88, T1059
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. May 21, 2024CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Aug 2, 2024Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=* <=ZAM170-NF-1.8.25-7354-Ver1.0.0

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

ZKTeco · Smartec ST-FR043version=* <=ZAM170-NF-1.8.25-7354-Ver1.0.0
ZKTeco · Smartec ST-FR041MEversion=* <=ZAM170-NF-1.8.25-7354-Ver1.0.0
ZKTeco · FaceDepot-7Bversion=- <=ZAM170-NF-1.8.25-7354-Ver1.0.0

Published CVSS scores

10.0KasperskyCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 9, 2026Sep 15, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 15, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-78Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
CAPEC-88OS Command Injection
T1059Command and Scripting Interpreter

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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