CVE-2023-3938

Authentication bypass via QR-code SQL injection

Published May 21, 2024 · Updated Aug 2, 2024

SQL injection in ZKTeco OEM terminals on ZAM170-NF-1.8.25-7354-Ver1.0.0 allows physically proximate attackers to impersonate database users. A QR-code processing function inserts decoded QR data, including quotation marks and injected SQL, into a query used to retrieve user records. A person at the device camera can present a crafted QR code and authenticate under an existing user's identity, exposing that user's stored data.

CVSS severity4.6
Medium
EPSS probability0.43%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
Coverage for this vulnerability

See if you're affected

Explore vulnerability checks for your environment with Hinoki.

Book a demo

Summary

What happened

SQL injection in ZKTeco OEM terminals on ZAM170-NF-1.8.25-7354-Ver1.0.0 allows physically proximate attackers to impersonate database users. A QR-code processing function inserts decoded QR data, including quotation marks and injected SQL, into a query used to retrieve user records. A person at the device camera can present a crafted QR code and authenticate under an existing user's identity, exposing that user's stored data.

The record

CVE
CVE-2023-3938
Published
May 21, 2024
Updated
Aug 2, 2024
Vendor
ZKTeco
Product
Smartec ST-FR043
Classifications
CWE-89, CAPEC-66, T1078
Attack vector
physical
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. May 21, 2024CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Aug 2, 2024Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

Compare your product and version with the public record. A matching version still requires validation against your environment.

Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=0 <=ZAM170-NF-1.8.25-7354-Ver1.0.0

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectorphysical
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

ZKTeco · Smartec ST-FR043version=0 <=ZAM170-NF-1.8.25-7354-Ver1.0.0
ZKTeco · Smartec ST-FR041MEversion=0 <=ZAM170-NF-1.8.25-7354-Ver1.0.0
ZKTeco · FaceDepot-7Bversion=0 <=ZAM170-NF-1.8.25-7354-Ver1.0.0

Published CVSS scores

4.6KasperskyCVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectorphysical
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-89Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection')
CAPEC-66SQL Injection
T1078Valid Accounts

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

See the directory against your own environment.

Your stack

Check the software in your environment

Book a demo to see how Hinoki identifies affected software and validates exploitability in your environment.

Book a demo