Code injection via crafted WebAssembly export names
Published Sep 7, 2024 · Updated Nov 3, 2025
Code injection in Node.js before 18.18.2 and before 20.8.1 allows remote attackers to execute JavaScript via crafted WebAssembly export names. The WebAssembly ES module translation path incorporates untrusted export names into generated JavaScript without neutralizing code syntax. Exploitation requires the experimental WebAssembly modules option and grants access beyond the imported module's intended data and functions.
Summary
What happened
Code injection in Node.js before 18.18.2 and before 20.8.1 allows remote attackers to execute JavaScript via crafted WebAssembly export names. The WebAssembly ES module translation path incorporates untrusted export names into generated JavaScript without neutralizing code syntax. Exploitation requires the experimental WebAssembly modules option and grants access beyond the imported module's intended data and functions.
The record
- CVE
- CVE-2023-39333
- Published
- Sep 7, 2024
- Updated
- Nov 3, 2025
- Vendor
- Node.js
- Product
- Node.js
- Classifications
- CWE-94, T1059.007
- Attack vector
- network
- Privileges
- unauthenticated
Timeline
How it unfolded
- Sep 7, 2024CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
- Nov 3, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.
Exploitability
Present is not the same as exploitable
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Is a vulnerable build present?
Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.
- Affected versionversion=10.0 <10.*
- Affected versionversion=11.0 <11.*
- Affected versionversion=12.0 <12.*
- Affected versionversion=13.0 <13.*
- Affected versionversion=14.0 <14.*
- Affected versionversion=15.0 <15.*
- Affected versionversion=16.0 <16.*
- Affected versionversion=17.0 <17.*
- Affected versionversion=18.0 <18.18.2
- Affected versionversion=19.0 <19.*
- Affected versionversion=20.0 <20.8.1
- Affected versionversion=4.0 <4.*
- Affected versionversion=5.0 <5.*
- Affected versionversion=6.0 <6.*
- Affected versionversion=7.0 <7.*
- Affected versionversion=8.0 <8.*
- Affected versionversion=9.0 <9.*
What conditions does exploitation require?
What is affected?
Published CVSS scores
CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.
Attacks
What attackers are doing with it
Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.
Weakness, pattern, technique
Public exploit references
No public exploit references are available in this record.
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Technologies
Your stack
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Your stack
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