CVE-2023-37925

System file disclosure via underprivileged debug CLI

Published Nov 28, 2023 · Updated Aug 2, 2024

Improper privilege management in Zyxel firewall and AP firmware allows local users to read system files through the debug CLI. Zyxel identifies the debug CLI command as the affected locus but does not disclose the missing privilege check or the command's exact file-access operation. Exploitation requires authenticated local CLI access and exposes device files without reported modification or service interruption.

CVSS severity5.5
Medium
EPSS probability0.22%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
Coverage for this vulnerability

See if you're affected

Explore vulnerability checks for your environment with Hinoki.

Book a demo

Summary

What happened

Improper privilege management in Zyxel firewall and AP firmware allows local users to read system files through the debug CLI. Zyxel identifies the debug CLI command as the affected locus but does not disclose the missing privilege check or the command's exact file-access operation. Exploitation requires authenticated local CLI access and exposes device files without reported modification or service interruption.

The record

CVE
CVE-2023-37925
Published
Nov 28, 2023
Updated
Aug 2, 2024
Vendor
Zyxel Networks
Product
WBE660S Firmware
Classifications
CWE-269, T1005
Attack vector
local
Privileges
authenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Nov 28, 2023CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Aug 2, 2024Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

Compare your product and version with the public record. A matching version still requires validation against your environment.

Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=6.65(ACGG.1)

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectorlocal
Required privilegesauthenticated

What is affected?

Zyxel Networks · WBE660S Firmwareversion=6.65(ACGG.1)
Zyxel Networks · Zyxel USG FLEX 50(W) Series Firmwareversion=versions 4.16 through 5.37
Zyxel Networks · WAX300H Firmwareversion=6.60(ACHF.1)
Zyxel Networks · WAC500 Firmwareversion=6.65(ABVS.1)
Zyxel Networks · Zyxel ATP Series Firmwareversion=versions 4.32 through 5.37
Zyxel Networks · NWA50AX Firmwareversion=6.29(ABYW.2)
Zyxel Networks · Zyxel USG20(W)-VPN Series Firmwareversion=versions 4.16 through 5.37
Zyxel Networks · Zyxel VPN Series Firmwareversion=versions 4.30 through 5.37
Zyxel Networks · Zyxel USG FLEX Series Firmwareversion=versions 4.50 through 5.37

Published CVSS scores

5.5Zyxel CorporationCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectorlocal
Privilegesauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-269Improper Privilege Management
T1005Data from Local System

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

See the directory against your own environment.

Your stack

Check the software in your environment

Book a demo to see how Hinoki identifies affected software and validates exploitability in your environment.

Book a demo