CVE-2023-37470Network attack vector

Unauthenticated code execution via H2 connection strings

Published Aug 4, 2023 · Updated Oct 17, 2024

Code injection in Metabase allows remote attackers to execute code on the server through a crafted H2 database connection string. The unauthenticated /api/setup/validate endpoint passes user-supplied H2 connection data to the embedded driver, whose connection-string features execute included code despite attempts to remove the INIT command. No account or user interaction is required, and successful execution runs with the Metabase server process's privileges.

CVSS severity10.0
Critical
EPSS probability1.35%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Code injection in Metabase allows remote attackers to execute code on the server through a crafted H2 database connection string. The unauthenticated /api/setup/validate endpoint passes user-supplied H2 connection data to the embedded driver, whose connection-string features execute included code despite attempts to remove the INIT command. No account or user interaction is required, and successful execution runs with the Metabase server process's privileges.

The record

CVE
CVE-2023-37470
Published
Aug 4, 2023
Updated
Oct 17, 2024
Vendor
Metabase
Product
Metabase
Classifications
CWE-94, T1190
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Aug 4, 2023CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Oct 17, 2024Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

Compare your product and version with the public record. A matching version still requires validation against your environment.

Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=< 0.43.7.3
  2. Affected versionversion=>= 0.44.0.0, < 0.44.7.3
  3. Affected versionversion=>= 0.45.0.0, < 0.45.4.3
  4. Affected versionversion=>= 0.46.0.0, < 0.46.6.4
  5. Affected versionversion=>= 1.0.0, < 1.43.7.3
  6. Affected versionversion=>= 1.44.0.0, < 1.44.7.3
  7. Affected versionversion=>= 1.45.0.0, < 1.45.4.3
  8. Affected versionversion=>= 1.46.0.0, < 1.46.6.4

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

Metabase · Metabaseversion=< 0.43.7.3; version=>= 0.44.0.0, < 0.44.7.3; version=>= 0.45.0.0, < 0.45.4.3; version=>= 0.46.0.0, < 0.46.6.4; version=>= 1.0.0, < 1.43.7.3; version=>= 1.44.0.0, < 1.44.7.3; version=>= 1.45.0.0, < 1.45.4.3; version=>= 1.46.0.0, < 1.46.6.4

Published CVSS scores

10.0GitHubCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-94Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
T1190Exploit Public-Facing Application

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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