CVE-2023-37463Public exploitNetwork attack vector

Service interruption via quadratic Markdown parsing

Published Jul 13, 2023 · Updated Oct 30, 2024

Algorithmic complexity flaws in GitHub cmark-gfm 0.29.0.gfm.11 allow remote attackers to interrupt services with crafted Markdown. Table rendering repeatedly walks a linked list for each cell, omitted columns expand linear input into a quadratic table, and footnote parsing rescans every open block for each empty line. Exposure requires an application to process attacker-controlled Markdown with the table or footnotes extension; the resulting CPU and memory exhaustion can hang the consuming service.

CVSS severity7.5
High
EPSS probability0.70%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Algorithmic complexity flaws in GitHub cmark-gfm 0.29.0.gfm.11 allow remote attackers to interrupt services with crafted Markdown. Table rendering repeatedly walks a linked list for each cell, omitted columns expand linear input into a quadratic table, and footnote parsing rescans every open block for each empty line. Exposure requires an application to process attacker-controlled Markdown with the table or footnotes extension; the resulting CPU and memory exhaustion can hang the consuming service.

The record

CVE
CVE-2023-37463
Published
Jul 13, 2023
Updated
Oct 30, 2024
Vendor
Twitter
Product
cmark-gfm
Classifications
CWE-407, T1499.004
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Jul 13, 2023CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Oct 30, 2024Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=< 0.29.0.gfm.12

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

Twitter · cmark-gfmversion=< 0.29.0.gfm.12

Published CVSS scores

7.5NIST NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

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No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-407Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity
T1499.004Application or System Exploitation

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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