CVE-2023-37265Public exploitNetwork attack vector

Root command execution via malformed forwarding header

Published Jul 17, 2023 · Updated Dec 12, 2024

Authentication bypass in IceWhale Technology CasaOS Gateway before 0.4.4 allows remote attackers to execute commands as root. The gateway forwards a malformed X-Forwarded-For value, causing Gin to reject the header and treat the gateway's loopback address as the client. No authentication or user interaction is required; localhost-trusting backend APIs then expose administrative functions that enable root-level command execution.

CVSS severity9.8
Critical
EPSS probability7.36%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Authentication bypass in IceWhale Technology CasaOS Gateway before 0.4.4 allows remote attackers to execute commands as root. The gateway forwards a malformed X-Forwarded-For value, causing Gin to reject the header and treat the gateway's loopback address as the client. No authentication or user interaction is required; localhost-trusting backend APIs then expose administrative functions that enable root-level command execution.

The record

CVE
CVE-2023-37265
Published
Jul 17, 2023
Updated
Dec 12, 2024
Vendor
IceWhale Technology Limited
Product
CasaOS Gateway
Classifications
CWE-306, CWE-348, T1059, T1190
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Jul 17, 2023CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Dec 12, 2024Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=0 <0.4.4

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

IceWhale Technology Limited · CasaOS Gatewayversion=0 <0.4.4
IceWhale Technology · CasaOS Gatewayversion=< 0.4.4

Published CVSS scores

9.8NIST National Vulnerability DatabaseCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
9.8GitHub Security AdvisoryCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 9, 2026Sep 15, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 15, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-306Missing Authentication for Critical Function
CWE-348Use of Less Trusted Source
T1059Command and Scripting Interpreter
T1190Exploit Public-Facing Application

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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