CVE-2023-3725

Memory corruption via unchecked ISO-TP single-frame length

Published Oct 6, 2023 · Updated Feb 13, 2025

Stack buffer overflow in Zephyr RTOS 3.4 and earlier allows attackers to corrupt memory through CAN ISO-TP single-frame data. The send_sf() path relies on a removable assertion before copying a caller-supplied length into the stack-allocated CAN frame. Reachability requires an application to pass attacker-controlled data across a security boundary; resulting corruption can crash the device or execute code.

CVSS severity7.6
High
EPSS probability1.06%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Stack buffer overflow in Zephyr RTOS 3.4 and earlier allows attackers to corrupt memory through CAN ISO-TP single-frame data. The send_sf() path relies on a removable assertion before copying a caller-supplied length into the stack-allocated CAN frame. Reachability requires an application to pass attacker-controlled data across a security boundary; resulting corruption can crash the device or execute code.

The record

CVE
CVE-2023-3725
Published
Oct 6, 2023
Updated
Feb 13, 2025
Vendor
Zephyr Project
Product
Zephyr RTOS
Classifications
CWE-120, CWE-121, CAPEC-100
Attack vector
adjacent
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Oct 6, 2023CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Feb 13, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=* <=3.4

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectoradjacent
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

Zephyr Project · Zephyr RTOSversion=* <=3.4

Published CVSS scores

7.6Zephyr ProjectCVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:H
9.8NIST NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectoradjacent
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-120Buffer Copy without Checking Size of Input ('Classic Buffer Overflow')
CWE-121Stack-based Buffer Overflow
CAPEC-100Overflow Buffers

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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