CVE-2023-35941Public exploitNetwork attack vector

Authentication bypass via ambiguous HMAC payload concatenation

Published Jul 25, 2023 · Updated Oct 24, 2024

Authentication bypass in Envoy's OAuth2 filter allows remote attackers to create OAuth2 credentials that remain valid indefinitely. The cookie validator concatenates the host, expiration value, and token fields without boundaries, so digits shifted from a host port into OauthExpires preserve the same HMAC while changing the parsed expiration. Exploitation requires wildcard or prefix-wildcard host routing and a completed OAuth2 flow; the forged cookie retains access beyond the legitimate token lifetime.

CVSS severity8.6
High
EPSS probability0.81%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Authentication bypass in Envoy's OAuth2 filter allows remote attackers to create OAuth2 credentials that remain valid indefinitely. The cookie validator concatenates the host, expiration value, and token fields without boundaries, so digits shifted from a host port into OauthExpires preserve the same HMAC while changing the parsed expiration. Exploitation requires wildcard or prefix-wildcard host routing and a completed OAuth2 flow; the forged cookie retains access beyond the legitimate token lifetime.

The record

CVE
CVE-2023-35941
Published
Jul 25, 2023
Updated
Oct 24, 2024
Vendor
Envoy Proxy
Product
Envoy
Classifications
CWE-116, T1550.004
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Jul 25, 2023CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Oct 24, 2024Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

Compare your product and version with the public record. A matching version still requires validation against your environment.

Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=< 1.23.12
  2. Affected versionversion=>= 1.24.0, < 1.24.10
  3. Affected versionversion=>= 1.25.0, < 1.25.9
  4. Affected versionversion=>= 1.26.0, < 1.26.4

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

Envoy Proxy · Envoyversion=< 1.23.12; version=>= 1.24.0, < 1.24.10; version=>= 1.25.0, < 1.25.9; version=>= 1.26.0, < 1.26.4

Published CVSS scores

8.6GitHub, Inc.CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:L
9.8NIST National Vulnerability DatabaseCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-116Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output
T1550.004Use Alternate Authentication Material: Web Session Cookie

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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