CVE-2023-33294Public exploitNetwork attack vector

Root command execution via unrestricted local web server

Published May 22, 2023 · Updated Jan 21, 2025

Command injection in KaiOS 3.0 allows remote attackers to execute Bash commands as root through the tctweb_server HTTP endpoint. The /system/bin/tctweb_server binary accepts unauthenticated form-encoded GET or POST parameters and passes user-supplied Bash commands to a root shell. A malicious website can reach the loopback service because it returns permissive CORS headers; SELinux limits protected-partition access, but user data can be read or deleted and the device can be rendered inoperable.

CVSS severity9.8
Critical
EPSS probability0.93%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Command injection in KaiOS 3.0 allows remote attackers to execute Bash commands as root through the tctweb_server HTTP endpoint. The /system/bin/tctweb_server binary accepts unauthenticated form-encoded GET or POST parameters and passes user-supplied Bash commands to a root shell. A malicious website can reach the loopback service because it returns permissive CORS headers; SELinux limits protected-partition access, but user data can be read or deleted and the device can be rendered inoperable.

The record

CVE
CVE-2023-33294
Published
May 22, 2023
Updated
Jan 21, 2025
Vendor
Unknown vendor
Product
Unknown product
Classifications
CWE-77, T1059.004
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. May 22, 2023CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Jan 21, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Affected buildAffected product and version details are unavailable.

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

Affected products and versions are unavailable in this record.

Published CVSS scores

9.8NIST NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

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No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-77Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
T1059.004Unix Shell

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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