CVE-2023-33236Network attack vector

Unauthenticated API access via hardcoded JWT secret

Published May 22, 2023 · Updated Jan 21, 2025

Hard-coded credentials in Moxa MXsecurity Series 1.0 allow remote attackers to bypass authentication for web-based APIs. The web-interface configuration embeds a static JWT signing secret, enabling attackers to mint arbitrary tokens that the API accepts as authentic. No prior authentication or user interaction is required, and a forged token grants unauthorized access to protected web API functions.

CVSS severity9.8
Critical
EPSS probability0.97%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Hard-coded credentials in Moxa MXsecurity Series 1.0 allow remote attackers to bypass authentication for web-based APIs. The web-interface configuration embeds a static JWT signing secret, enabling attackers to mint arbitrary tokens that the API accepts as authentic. No prior authentication or user interaction is required, and a forged token grants unauthorized access to protected web API functions.

The record

CVE
CVE-2023-33236
Published
May 22, 2023
Updated
Jan 21, 2025
Vendor
Moxa
Product
MXsecurity Series
Classifications
CWE-798, T1606
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. May 22, 2023CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Jan 21, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=1.0

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

Moxa · MXsecurity Seriesversion=1.0

Published CVSS scores

9.8Zero Day InitiativeCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
9.8Moxa Inc.CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

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No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-798Use of Hard-coded Credentials
T1606Forge Web Credentials

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

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Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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