CVE-2023-32679Public exploitNetwork attack vector

Remote code execution via unrestricted template extensions

Published May 19, 2023 · Updated Feb 12, 2025

Template injection in Craft CMS 4.0.0 through 4.4.5 allows remote authenticated users to execute code through an uploaded template. View::_resolveTemplate returns an existing named file before checking defaultTemplateExtensions, causing arbitrary extensions to render as Twig templates. Exploitation requires an administrator account and ALLOW_ADMIN_CHANGES enabled, as in development or misconfigured staging or production environments, and grants host operating-system access.

CVSS severity7.2
High
EPSS probability1.85%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Template injection in Craft CMS 4.0.0 through 4.4.5 allows remote authenticated users to execute code through an uploaded template. View::_resolveTemplate returns an existing named file before checking defaultTemplateExtensions, causing arbitrary extensions to render as Twig templates. Exploitation requires an administrator account and ALLOW_ADMIN_CHANGES enabled, as in development or misconfigured staging or production environments, and grants host operating-system access.

The record

CVE
CVE-2023-32679
Published
May 19, 2023
Updated
Feb 12, 2025
Vendor
Pixel & Tonic
Product
Craft CMS
Classifications
CWE-1336, CWE-74, CWE-253, CWE-434, T1059.004
Attack vector
network
Privileges
admin

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. May 19, 2023CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Feb 12, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

Compare your product and version with the public record. A matching version still requires validation against your environment.

Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=>= 4.0.0, < 4.4.6

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesadmin

What is affected?

Pixel & Tonic · Craft CMSversion=>= 4.0.0, < 4.4.6

Published CVSS scores

7.2GitHub, Inc.CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 9, 2026Sep 15, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 15, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesadmin
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-1336Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
CWE-74Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component ('Injection')
CWE-253Incorrect Check of Function Return Value
CWE-434Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type
T1059.004Unix Shell

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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