CVE-2023-32621Network attack vector

Root command execution via unrestricted file upload

Published Jun 30, 2023 · Updated Dec 4, 2024

Unrestricted file upload in Wavlink WL-WN531AX2 firmware before 2023526 allows remote authenticated users to execute root OS commands. The administrative upload interface accepts dangerous file content without adequate validation, but public advisories do not identify its endpoint or processing path. An administrator must reach the router over the network; a successful upload runs operating-system commands as root and can fully control the appliance.

CVSS severity4.5
Medium
EPSS probability0.68%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Unrestricted file upload in Wavlink WL-WN531AX2 firmware before 2023526 allows remote authenticated users to execute root OS commands. The administrative upload interface accepts dangerous file content without adequate validation, but public advisories do not identify its endpoint or processing path. An administrator must reach the router over the network; a successful upload runs operating-system commands as root and can fully control the appliance.

The record

CVE
CVE-2023-32621
Published
Jun 30, 2023
Updated
Dec 4, 2024
Vendor
Wavlink Technology Ltd.
Product
WL-WN531AX2
Classifications
CWE-434, T1059
Attack vector
network
Privileges
admin

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Jun 30, 2023CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Dec 4, 2024Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=firmware versions prior to 2023526

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesadmin

What is affected?

Wavlink Technology Ltd. · WL-WN531AX2version=firmware versions prior to 2023526
Wavlink · LUX DX4 (WL-WN531AX2)version=0 <2023526

Published CVSS scores

4.5JPCERT/CC and IPACVSS:3.0/AV:A/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N
7.2NIST NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
5.5JPCERT/CC and IPAAV:A/AC:L/Au:S/C:N/I:C/A:N

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesadmin
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-434Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type
T1059Command and Scripting Interpreter

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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