CVE-2023-32612

Authenticated root command execution via client-side checks

Published Jun 30, 2023 · Updated Nov 27, 2024

Command injection in Wavlink WL-WN531AX2 firmware before 2023526 allows remote authenticated users to execute OS commands as root. The firmware relies on client-side enforcement instead of enforcing authorization on the server-side request handling path. Administrative access is required, and successful exploitation gives root control that can read or alter router data and interrupt service.

CVSS severity7.2
High
EPSS probability0.68%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
Coverage for this vulnerability

See if you're affected

Explore vulnerability checks for your environment with Hinoki.

Book a demo

Summary

What happened

Command injection in Wavlink WL-WN531AX2 firmware before 2023526 allows remote authenticated users to execute OS commands as root. The firmware relies on client-side enforcement instead of enforcing authorization on the server-side request handling path. Administrative access is required, and successful exploitation gives root control that can read or alter router data and interrupt service.

The record

CVE
CVE-2023-32612
Published
Jun 30, 2023
Updated
Nov 27, 2024
Vendor
Wavlink Technology Ltd.
Product
WL-WN531AX2
Classifications
CWE-565, CWE-602, T1059.004
Attack vector
adjacent
Privileges
authenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Jun 30, 2023CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Nov 27, 2024Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

Compare your product and version with the public record. A matching version still requires validation against your environment.

Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=firmware versions prior to 2023526

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectoradjacent
Required privilegesauthenticated

What is affected?

Wavlink Technology Ltd. · WL-WN531AX2version=firmware versions prior to 2023526
Wavlink · LUX DX4 (WL-WN531AX2)version=0 <2023526

Published CVSS scores

7.2NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
6.8JPCERT/CCCVSS:3.0/AV:A/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectoradjacent
Privilegesauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-565Reliance on Cookies without Validation and Integrity Checking
CWE-602Client-Side Enforcement of Server-Side Security
T1059.004Command and Scripting Interpreter: Unix Shell

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

See the directory against your own environment.

Your stack

Check the software in your environment

Book a demo to see how Hinoki identifies affected software and validates exploitability in your environment.

Book a demo