CVE-2023-31139Network attack vector

Access-control bypass via unrestricted PAT session cookies

Published May 9, 2023 · Updated Jan 28, 2025

Access-control bypass in DHIS2 Core 2.37 through 2.39 allows remote authenticated users to evade PAT restrictions through session cookies. PAT authentication creates a general-purpose web session cookie without carrying the token's allowed IP-address or HTTP-method constraints into that session. A valid PAT is required, and the resulting cookie grants only the associated user's access while bypassing restrictions configured on the token.

CVSS severity4.3
Medium
EPSS probability0.63%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Access-control bypass in DHIS2 Core 2.37 through 2.39 allows remote authenticated users to evade PAT restrictions through session cookies. PAT authentication creates a general-purpose web session cookie without carrying the token's allowed IP-address or HTTP-method constraints into that session. A valid PAT is required, and the resulting cookie grants only the associated user's access while bypassing restrictions configured on the token.

The record

CVE
CVE-2023-31139
Published
May 9, 2023
Updated
Jan 28, 2025
Vendor
DHIS2
Product
DHIS2 Core
Classifications
CWE-613, T1550.004
Attack vector
network
Privileges
authenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. May 9, 2023CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Jan 28, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=>= 2.37, < 2.37.9.1
  2. Affected versionversion=>= 2.38, < 2.38.3.1
  3. Affected versionversion=>= 2.39, < 2.39.1.2

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesauthenticated

What is affected?

DHIS2 · DHIS2 Coreversion=>= 2.37, < 2.37.9.1; version=>= 2.38, < 2.38.3.1; version=>= 2.39, < 2.39.1.2

Published CVSS scores

4.3GitHubCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
7.5NISTCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-613Insufficient Session Expiration
T1550.004Use Alternate Authentication Material: Web Session Cookie

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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