CVE-2023-30331Public exploitNetwork attack vector

Remote code execution via reflective blacklist bypass

Published May 4, 2023 · Updated Jan 29, 2025

Server-side template injection in Beetl 3.15.0 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code through a crafted template payload. The render path evaluates attacker-controlled template expressions, while DefaultNativeSecurityManager relies on a Java class blacklist that reflection can bypass. Exploitation requires an application to pass attacker-controlled template text to Beetl; successful payloads run with the hosting Java process's privileges.

CVSS severity9.8
Critical
EPSS probability0.93%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Server-side template injection in Beetl 3.15.0 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code through a crafted template payload. The render path evaluates attacker-controlled template expressions, while DefaultNativeSecurityManager relies on a Java class blacklist that reflection can bypass. Exploitation requires an application to pass attacker-controlled template text to Beetl; successful payloads run with the hosting Java process's privileges.

The record

CVE
CVE-2023-30331
Published
May 4, 2023
Updated
Jan 29, 2025
Vendor
Unknown vendor
Product
Unknown product
Classifications
T1190
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. May 4, 2023CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Jan 29, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Affected buildAffected product and version details are unavailable.

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

Affected products and versions are unavailable in this record.

Published CVSS scores

9.8CISA-ADPCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
9.8NIST NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

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No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

T1190Exploit Public-Facing Application

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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