CVE-2023-2972Public exploitNetwork attack vector

Prototype pollution via unsafe deepMerge key recursion

Published May 30, 2023 · Updated Jan 10, 2025

Prototype pollution in @antfu/utils before 0.7.3 allows remote authenticated users to alter inherited properties through deepMerge. The function recursively merges attacker-controlled object keys without rejecting proto, constructor, or prototype, modifying the prototype chain. A consuming application must pass an attacker-controlled object to deepMerge; successful exploitation can expose data or interrupt that application.

CVSS severity9.8
Critical
EPSS probability0.99%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Prototype pollution in @antfu/utils before 0.7.3 allows remote authenticated users to alter inherited properties through deepMerge. The function recursively merges attacker-controlled object keys without rejecting proto, constructor, or prototype, modifying the prototype chain. A consuming application must pass an attacker-controlled object to deepMerge; successful exploitation can expose data or interrupt that application.

The record

CVE
CVE-2023-2972
Published
May 30, 2023
Updated
Jan 10, 2025
Vendor
Anthony Fu
Product
@antfu/utils
Classifications
CWE-1321
Attack vector
network
Privileges
authenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. May 30, 2023CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Jan 10, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=unspecified <0.7.3

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesauthenticated

What is affected?

Anthony Fu · @antfu/utilsversion=unspecified <0.7.3

Published CVSS scores

5.4huntr.devCVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:L
9.8NIST NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 9, 2026Sep 15, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 15, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-1321Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution')

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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