CVE-2023-29389Known exploitation

Vehicle theft via forged CAN key-validation messages

Published Apr 5, 2023 · Updated Feb 12, 2025

Authentication bypass in Toyota RAV4 2021 vehicles allows physically proximate attackers to unlock and drive a vehicle via CAN injection. The control CAN bus accepts unauthenticated key-validation frames relayed through the gateway to the door and engine ECUs, disabling the immobilizer. Exploitation requires pulling away the bumper and attaching a CAN injector to the headlight connector; the demonstrated consequence is vehicle theft without the key.

CVSS severity6.8
Medium
EPSS probability0.66%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationReported
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
Coverage for this vulnerability

See if you're affected

Explore vulnerability checks for your environment with Hinoki.

Book a demo

Summary

What happened

Authentication bypass in Toyota RAV4 2021 vehicles allows physically proximate attackers to unlock and drive a vehicle via CAN injection. The control CAN bus accepts unauthenticated key-validation frames relayed through the gateway to the door and engine ECUs, disabling the immobilizer. Exploitation requires pulling away the bumper and attaching a CAN injector to the headlight connector; the demonstrated consequence is vehicle theft without the key.

The record

CVE
CVE-2023-29389
Published
Apr 5, 2023
Updated
Feb 12, 2025
Vendor
Unknown vendor
Product
Unknown product
Classifications
CWE-74, T1692.001
Attack vector
physical
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Jul 1, 2022Exploitation reportedToyota RAV4 theft via CAN Injection
  2. Apr 5, 2023CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  3. Feb 12, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

Compare your product and version with the public record. A matching version still requires validation against your environment.

Is a vulnerable build present?

Affected buildAffected product and version details are unavailable.

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectorphysical
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

Affected products and versions are unavailable in this record.

Published CVSS scores

6.8National Vulnerability DatabaseCVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectorphysical
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationReported
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-74Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component ('Injection')
T1692.001Unauthorized Message: Command Message

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Reported exploitation

Technologies

Your stack

See the directory against your own environment.

Your stack

Check the software in your environment

Book a demo to see how Hinoki identifies affected software and validates exploitability in your environment.

Book a demo