CVE-2023-28867Network attack vector

Service interruption via unbounded parser recursion

Published Mar 27, 2023 · Updated Feb 19, 2025

Stack exhaustion in GraphQL Java before 20.1 allows remote attackers to interrupt services with a deeply nested GraphQL query. The ANTLR recursive-descent parser traverses attacker-controlled nested grammar rules without a depth limit, exhausting the JVM call stack before token limits apply. An unauthenticated client that can submit GraphQL queries can trigger a stack overflow, affecting availability without reported data access or modification.

CVSS severity7.5
High
EPSS probability1.05%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Stack exhaustion in GraphQL Java before 20.1 allows remote attackers to interrupt services with a deeply nested GraphQL query. The ANTLR recursive-descent parser traverses attacker-controlled nested grammar rules without a depth limit, exhausting the JVM call stack before token limits apply. An unauthenticated client that can submit GraphQL queries can trigger a stack overflow, affecting availability without reported data access or modification.

The record

CVE
CVE-2023-28867
Published
Mar 27, 2023
Updated
Feb 19, 2025
Vendor
Unknown vendor
Product
Unknown product
Classifications
CWE-770, T1499
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Mar 27, 2023CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Feb 19, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Affected buildAffected product and version details are unavailable.

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

Affected products and versions are unavailable in this record.

Published CVSS scores

7.5NIST NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

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No observations available

Sep 9, 2026Sep 15, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 15, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-770Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling
T1499Endpoint Denial of Service

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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