CVE-2023-28798Network attack vector

Arbitrary code execution via pacparser heap overwrite

Published May 2, 2024 · Updated Aug 2, 2024

Heap-based buffer overflow in Zscaler Client Connector before 3.7.0.172 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on macOS. Zscaler identifies an out-of-bounds heap write in pacparser but has not published the malformed PAC input, affected function, or faulty bounds operation. Network-delivered input must reach the endpoint's PAC parser under high-complexity conditions; successful exploitation runs code in the client context.

CVSS severity6.5
Medium
EPSS probability0.43%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Heap-based buffer overflow in Zscaler Client Connector before 3.7.0.172 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on macOS. Zscaler identifies an out-of-bounds heap write in pacparser but has not published the malformed PAC input, affected function, or faulty bounds operation. Network-delivered input must reach the endpoint's PAC parser under high-complexity conditions; successful exploitation runs code in the client context.

The record

CVE
CVE-2023-28798
Published
May 2, 2024
Updated
Aug 2, 2024
Vendor
Zscaler
Product
Zscaler Client Connector
Classifications
CWE-787, CWE-122, CAPEC-100, T1203
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. May 2, 2024CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Aug 2, 2024Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=0 <3.7.0.172

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

Zscaler · Zscaler Client Connectorversion=0 <3.7.0.172

Published CVSS scores

9.8NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
6.5ZscalerCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:L

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 9, 2026Sep 15, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 15, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-787Out-of-bounds Write
CWE-122Heap-based Buffer Overflow
CAPEC-100Overflow Buffers
T1203Exploitation for Client Execution

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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