CVE-2023-28796

Code injection via unchecked ELF PLT section

Published Oct 23, 2023 · Updated Feb 27, 2025

Code injection in Zscaler Client Connector for Linux before 1.3.1.6 allows local users to replace trusted binaries. Its IPC signature verification omits the ELF Procedure Linkage Table, allowing a modified binary to pass validation and execute through trusted IPC. Local low-privileged access is required; successful exploitation can alter code execution and interrupt the client service.

CVSS severity7.1
High
EPSS probability0.18%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Code injection in Zscaler Client Connector for Linux before 1.3.1.6 allows local users to replace trusted binaries. Its IPC signature verification omits the ELF Procedure Linkage Table, allowing a modified binary to pass validation and execute through trusted IPC. Local low-privileged access is required; successful exploitation can alter code execution and interrupt the client service.

The record

CVE
CVE-2023-28796
Published
Oct 23, 2023
Updated
Feb 27, 2025
Vendor
Zscaler
Product
Zscaler Client Connector
Classifications
CWE-94, CWE-347, CAPEC-242, T1574
Attack vector
local
Privileges
authenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Oct 23, 2023CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Feb 27, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

Compare your product and version with the public record. A matching version still requires validation against your environment.

Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=0 <1.3.1.6

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectorlocal
Required privilegesauthenticated

What is affected?

Zscaler · Zscaler Client Connectorversion=0 <1.3.1.6

Published CVSS scores

7.8NIST NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
7.1ZscalerCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectorlocal
Privilegesauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-94Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
CWE-347Improper Verification of Cryptographic Signature
CAPEC-242Code Injection
T1574Hijack Execution Flow

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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