CVE-2023-28787Network attack vector

Database disclosure via unquoted question IDs cookie

Published Mar 26, 2024 · Updated Apr 28, 2026

SQL injection in ExpressTech Systems Quiz and Survey Master 8.1.4 and earlier allows remote attackers to read database data via a crafted cookie. The load_questions function places the question_ids_[quiz ID] cookie into unquoted ORDER BY FIELD and IN clauses, allowing quote-less SQL syntax despite sanitization and wpdb preparation. Exploitation requires Random Questions on the targeted quiz; unauthenticated requests can extract sensitive WordPress database information.

CVSS severity9.3
Critical
EPSS probability1.96%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
Coverage for this vulnerability

See if you're affected

Explore vulnerability checks for your environment with Hinoki.

Book a demo

Summary

What happened

SQL injection in ExpressTech Systems Quiz and Survey Master 8.1.4 and earlier allows remote attackers to read database data via a crafted cookie. The load_questions function places the question_ids_[quiz ID] cookie into unquoted ORDER BY FIELD and IN clauses, allowing quote-less SQL syntax despite sanitization and wpdb preparation. Exploitation requires Random Questions on the targeted quiz; unauthenticated requests can extract sensitive WordPress database information.

The record

CVE
CVE-2023-28787
Published
Mar 26, 2024
Updated
Apr 28, 2026
Vendor
ExpressTech Systems
Product
Quiz and Survey Master
Classifications
CWE-89, T1190
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Mar 26, 2024CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Apr 28, 2026Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

Compare your product and version with the public record. A matching version still requires validation against your environment.

Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=n/a <=8.1.4 changes=[{"at":"8.1.5","status":"unaffected"}]

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

ExpressTech Systems · Quiz and Survey Masterversion=n/a <=8.1.4 changes=[{"at":"8.1.5","status":"unaffected"}]

Published CVSS scores

9.8WordfenceCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
9.3PatchstackCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:L

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 9, 2026Sep 15, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 15, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-89Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection')
T1190Exploit Public-Facing Application

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

See the directory against your own environment.

Your stack

Check the software in your environment

Book a demo to see how Hinoki identifies affected software and validates exploitability in your environment.

Book a demo