CVE-2023-2877Known exploitationPublic exploitNetwork attack vector

Subscriber-level code execution via arbitrary plugin installation

Published Jun 27, 2023 · Updated Dec 3, 2024

Missing authorization in Formidable Forms before 6.3.1 allows remote authenticated users to execute code through arbitrary plugin installation. FrmAddonsController::install_addon accepts a user-controlled download URL, while url_is_allowed checks only an approved host prefix and ZIP suffix and the endpoint omits a capability check. A Subscriber account can obtain the welcome-page token and install a chosen WordPress.org plugin, enabling code execution with the site's PHP privileges.

CVSS severity8.8
High
EPSS probability22.45%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationReported
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Missing authorization in Formidable Forms before 6.3.1 allows remote authenticated users to execute code through arbitrary plugin installation. FrmAddonsController::install_addon accepts a user-controlled download URL, while url_is_allowed checks only an approved host prefix and ZIP suffix and the endpoint omits a capability check. A Subscriber account can obtain the welcome-page token and install a chosen WordPress.org plugin, enabling code execution with the site's PHP privileges.

The record

CVE
CVE-2023-2877
Published
Jun 27, 2023
Updated
Dec 3, 2024
Vendor
Business Directory Team
Product
Formidable Forms
Classifications
CWE-863, T1190
Attack vector
network
Privileges
authenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Jun 27, 2023CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Dec 3, 2024Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=0 <6.3.1

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesauthenticated

What is affected?

Business Directory Team · Formidable Formsversion=0 <6.3.1

Published CVSS scores

8.8NIST NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
6.5WordfenceCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

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No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesauthenticated
Known exploitationReported
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-863Incorrect Authorization
T1190Exploit Public-Facing Application

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Reported exploitation

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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