CVE-2023-28708Network attack vector

Session-cookie disclosure via missing Secure attribute

Published Mar 22, 2023 · Updated Nov 4, 2025

Information disclosure in Apache Tomcat allows remote attackers to expose session cookies through an insecure HTTP channel. RemoteIpFilter marked only its request wrapper as secure after accepting X-Forwarded-Proto as https, so underlying Request session creation omitted Secure from JSESSIONID. The condition affects 8.5.0 through 8.5.85, 9.0.0-M1 through 9.0.71, 10.1.0-M1 through 10.1.5, and 11.0.0-M1 through 11.0.0-M2 when an HTTP reverse-proxy hop creates a session and the user agent later transmits its cookie insecurely.

CVSS severity4.3
Medium
EPSS probability1.83%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Information disclosure in Apache Tomcat allows remote attackers to expose session cookies through an insecure HTTP channel. RemoteIpFilter marked only its request wrapper as secure after accepting X-Forwarded-Proto as https, so underlying Request session creation omitted Secure from JSESSIONID. The condition affects 8.5.0 through 8.5.85, 9.0.0-M1 through 9.0.71, 10.1.0-M1 through 10.1.5, and 11.0.0-M1 through 11.0.0-M2 when an HTTP reverse-proxy hop creates a session and the user agent later transmits its cookie insecurely.

The record

CVE
CVE-2023-28708
Published
Mar 22, 2023
Updated
Nov 4, 2025
Vendor
The Apache Software Foundation
Product
Apache Tomcat
Classifications
CWE-523, T1557
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Mar 22, 2023CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Nov 4, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=10.1.0-M1 <=10.1.5
  2. Affected versionversion=11.0.0-M1 <=11.0.0-M2
  3. Affected versionversion=8.5.0 <=8.5.85
  4. Affected versionversion=9.0.0-M1 <=9.0.71

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

The Apache Software Foundation · Apache Tomcatversion=10.1.0-M1 <=10.1.5; version=11.0.0-M1 <=11.0.0-M2; version=8.5.0 <=8.5.85; version=9.0.0-M1 <=9.0.71

Published CVSS scores

4.3National Vulnerability DatabaseCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-523Unprotected Transport of Credentials
T1557Adversary-in-the-Middle

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

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Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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