CVE-2023-28686Network attack vector

Bookmark-store modification via unchecked message sender

Published Mar 24, 2023 · Updated Feb 19, 2025

Improper authorization in Dino 0.2.2 and earlier, 0.3.0 through 0.3.1, and 0.4.0 through 0.4.1 allows remote attackers to alter bookmarks. The XEP-0402 bookmark item and retract handlers process updates without checking that the sender JID matches the client’s bound bare JID. No authentication or user interaction is required; altered entries can change group-chat display or force a victim to join or leave a selected chat, enabling subsequent deception into disclosing sensitive information.

CVSS severity5.3
Medium
EPSS probability0.70%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Improper authorization in Dino 0.2.2 and earlier, 0.3.0 through 0.3.1, and 0.4.0 through 0.4.1 allows remote attackers to alter bookmarks. The XEP-0402 bookmark item and retract handlers process updates without checking that the sender JID matches the client’s bound bare JID. No authentication or user interaction is required; altered entries can change group-chat display or force a victim to join or leave a selected chat, enabling subsequent deception into disclosing sensitive information.

The record

CVE
CVE-2023-28686
Published
Mar 24, 2023
Updated
Feb 19, 2025
Vendor
Unknown vendor
Product
Unknown product
Classifications
CWE-639
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Mar 24, 2023CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Feb 19, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Affected buildAffected product and version details are unavailable.

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

Affected products and versions are unavailable in this record.

Published CVSS scores

5.3CISA-ADPCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N
7.1NIST NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:N
5.3Dino TeamCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-639Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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