CVE-2023-28461Known exploitationNetwork attack vector

Unauthenticated code execution via HTTP header flags

Published Mar 15, 2023 · Updated Aug 5, 2026

Missing authentication in ArrayOS AG 9.4.0.481 and earlier allows remote attackers to execute code through a crafted HTTP header. A vulnerable URL accepts the header's flags attribute without an authentication gate, enabling filesystem browsing before code execution. No credentials or user interaction are required; exploitation grants access to gateway files and arbitrary code execution on the SSL VPN gateway.

CVSS severity9.8
Critical
EPSS probability68.08%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationReported
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Missing authentication in ArrayOS AG 9.4.0.481 and earlier allows remote attackers to execute code through a crafted HTTP header. A vulnerable URL accepts the header's flags attribute without an authentication gate, enabling filesystem browsing before code execution. No credentials or user interaction are required; exploitation grants access to gateway files and arbitrary code execution on the SSL VPN gateway.

The record

CVE
CVE-2023-28461
Published
Mar 15, 2023
Updated
Aug 5, 2026
Vendor
Array Networks
Product
ArrayOS AG
Classifications
CWE-287, CWE-306, T1190
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Mar 15, 2023CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Apr 24, 2023Exploitation reportedJPCERT/CC confirmed targeted exploitation of Array AG gateways
  3. Aug 5, 2026Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=0 <=9.4.0.481

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

Array Networks · ArrayOS AGversion=0 <=9.4.0.481

Published CVSS scores

9.8NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
9.8CISA-ADPCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationReported
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-287Improper Authentication
CWE-306Missing Authentication for Critical Function
T1190Exploit Public-Facing Application

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Reported exploitation

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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