CVE-2023-28455Network attack vector

DNS service interruption via forwarding query loops

Published Sep 18, 2024 · Updated Sep 18, 2024

DNS query-loop amplification in Technitium DNS Server 11.0.2 and earlier allows remote attackers to interrupt DNS service. In forwarding mode, the resolver continues processing crafted referrals that delegate a query back into a resolver chain, allowing the same request to circulate and multiply. The target must accept unauthenticated DNS queries and participate in forwarding; sustained loops can exhaust resolver capacity and deny resolution.

CVSS severity7.5
High
EPSS probability0.53%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

DNS query-loop amplification in Technitium DNS Server 11.0.2 and earlier allows remote attackers to interrupt DNS service. In forwarding mode, the resolver continues processing crafted referrals that delegate a query back into a resolver chain, allowing the same request to circulate and multiply. The target must accept unauthenticated DNS queries and participate in forwarding; sustained loops can exhaust resolver capacity and deny resolution.

The record

CVE
CVE-2023-28455
Published
Sep 18, 2024
Updated
Sep 18, 2024
Vendor
Technitium
Product
Technitium DNS Server
Classifications
CWE-406, T1498.002
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Sep 18, 2024CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Sep 18, 2024Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=0 <=11.0.2

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

Technitium · Technitium DNS Serverversion=0 <=11.0.2

Published CVSS scores

7.5CISA-ADPCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 9, 2026Sep 15, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 15, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-406Insufficient Control of Network Message Volume (Network Amplification)
T1498.002Network Denial of Service: Reflection Amplification

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

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Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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