CVE-2023-28206Known exploitation

Kernel code execution via out-of-bounds write

Published Apr 10, 2023 · Updated Oct 21, 2025

Out-of-bounds write in IOSurfaceAccelerator in Apple iOS, iPadOS, and macOS allows local users to execute arbitrary code with kernel privileges. Apple identifies IOSurfaceAccelerator as the locus but has not disclosed which input or missing validation causes the out-of-bounds write. A malicious app must reach the local driver path; successful memory corruption grants kernel privileges, and the flaw was used in a targeted iPhone exploit chain.

CVSS severity8.6
High
EPSS probability22.97%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationReported
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Out-of-bounds write in IOSurfaceAccelerator in Apple iOS, iPadOS, and macOS allows local users to execute arbitrary code with kernel privileges. Apple identifies IOSurfaceAccelerator as the locus but has not disclosed which input or missing validation causes the out-of-bounds write. A malicious app must reach the local driver path; successful memory corruption grants kernel privileges, and the flaw was used in a targeted iPhone exploit chain.

The record

CVE
CVE-2023-28206
Published
Apr 10, 2023
Updated
Oct 21, 2025
Vendor
Apple
Product
iOS and iPadOS
Classifications
CWE-787, T1068
Attack vector
local
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Apr 1, 2023Exploitation reportedTargeted iPhone malicious-link exploit chain
  2. Apr 10, 2023CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  3. Oct 21, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=unspecified <15.7
  2. Affected versionversion=unspecified <16.4

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectorlocal
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

Apple · iOS and iPadOSversion=unspecified <15.7; version=unspecified <16.4
Apple · macOSversion=unspecified <11.7; version=unspecified <12.6; version=unspecified <13.3

Published CVSS scores

8.6NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
8.6CISA-ADPCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 9, 2026Sep 15, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 15, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectorlocal
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationReported
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-787Out-of-bounds Write
T1068Exploitation for Privilege Escalation

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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