CVE-2023-28182Network attack vector

VPN server spoofing via insufficient EAP authentication

Published May 8, 2023 · Updated Jan 29, 2025

Authentication bypass in Apple macOS, iOS, and iPadOS before the listed 2023 updates allows attackers to spoof an EAP-only VPN server. NetworkExtension accepts the spoofed endpoint because EAP-only server authentication is insufficient; Apple has not disclosed the failed check. Exploitation requires an EAP-only VPN configuration and a privileged network position, with server impersonation as the reported consequence.

CVSS severity6.5
Medium
EPSS probability0.71%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Authentication bypass in Apple macOS, iOS, and iPadOS before the listed 2023 updates allows attackers to spoof an EAP-only VPN server. NetworkExtension accepts the spoofed endpoint because EAP-only server authentication is insufficient; Apple has not disclosed the failed check. Exploitation requires an EAP-only VPN configuration and a privileged network position, with server impersonation as the reported consequence.

The record

CVE
CVE-2023-28182
Published
May 8, 2023
Updated
Jan 29, 2025
Vendor
Apple
Product
iOS and iPadOS
Classifications
CWE-287, T1557
Attack vector
network
Privileges
Unavailable

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. May 8, 2023CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Jan 29, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=unspecified <15.7
  2. Affected versionversion=unspecified <16.4

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesUnavailable in this record.

What is affected?

Apple · iOS and iPadOSversion=unspecified <15.7; version=unspecified <16.4
Apple · macOSversion=unspecified <11.7; version=unspecified <12.6; version=unspecified <13.3

Published CVSS scores

6.5NISTCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 9, 2026Sep 15, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 15, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
PrivilegesUnavailable
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-287Improper Authentication
T1557Adversary-in-the-Middle

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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