CVE-2023-28176Network attack vector

Arbitrary code execution via memory corruption

Published Jun 2, 2023 · Updated Jan 8, 2025

Memory corruption in Mozilla Firefox before 111, Firefox ESR before 102.9, and Thunderbird before 102.9 allows remote attackers to run code. The public advisory groups five restricted memory-safety bug reports and does not disclose the affected functions or invalid memory operations. Exploitation requires interaction with attacker-controlled content; Thunderbird disables scripting while reading ordinary email, limiting that exposure.

CVSS severity8.8
High
EPSS probability0.71%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
Coverage for this vulnerability

See if you're affected

Explore vulnerability checks for your environment with Hinoki.

Book a demo

Summary

What happened

Memory corruption in Mozilla Firefox before 111, Firefox ESR before 102.9, and Thunderbird before 102.9 allows remote attackers to run code. The public advisory groups five restricted memory-safety bug reports and does not disclose the affected functions or invalid memory operations. Exploitation requires interaction with attacker-controlled content; Thunderbird disables scripting while reading ordinary email, limiting that exposure.

The record

CVE
CVE-2023-28176
Published
Jun 2, 2023
Updated
Jan 8, 2025
Vendor
Mozilla
Product
Firefox
Classifications
CWE-787, T1203
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Jun 2, 2023CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Jan 8, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

Compare your product and version with the public record. A matching version still requires validation against your environment.

Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=unspecified <111

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

Mozilla · Firefoxversion=unspecified <111
Mozilla · Thunderbirdversion=unspecified <102.9
Mozilla · Firefox ESRversion=unspecified <102.9

Published CVSS scores

8.8NIST NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
8.8CISA-ADPCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 9, 2026Sep 15, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 15, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-787Out-of-bounds Write
T1203Exploitation for Client Execution

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

See the directory against your own environment.

Your stack

Check the software in your environment

Book a demo to see how Hinoki identifies affected software and validates exploitability in your environment.

Book a demo