CVE-2023-26489Network attack vector

Guest-to-host memory access via miscompiled shifted addresses

Published Mar 8, 2023 · Updated Feb 25, 2025

Out-of-bounds access in Cranelift in Bytecode Alliance Wasmtime allows attackers to read or write host memory via malicious WebAssembly. The x86_64 backend folds a zero-extended, shifted 32-bit WebAssembly address into a 64-bit addressing mode without required 32-bit truncation. Default code generation on x86_64 lets a malicious guest access memory roughly 6 GB to 34 GB beyond linear memory, including other instances or embedder memory.

CVSS severity9.9
Critical
EPSS probability1.26%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Out-of-bounds access in Cranelift in Bytecode Alliance Wasmtime allows attackers to read or write host memory via malicious WebAssembly. The x86_64 backend folds a zero-extended, shifted 32-bit WebAssembly address into a 64-bit addressing mode without required 32-bit truncation. Default code generation on x86_64 lets a malicious guest access memory roughly 6 GB to 34 GB beyond linear memory, including other instances or embedder memory.

The record

CVE
CVE-2023-26489
Published
Mar 8, 2023
Updated
Feb 25, 2025
Vendor
Bytecode Alliance
Product
Wasmtime
Classifications
CWE-125, CWE-787
Attack vector
network
Privileges
authenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Mar 8, 2023CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Feb 25, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=cranelift-codegen: >= 0.84.0, < 0.91.1
  2. Affected versionversion=cranelift-codegen: >= 0.92.0, < 0.92.1
  3. Affected versionversion=cranelift-codegen: >= 0.93.0, < 0.93.1
  4. Affected versionversion=wasmtime: >= 0.37.0, < 4.0.1
  5. Affected versionversion=wasmtime: >= 5.0.0, < 5.0.1
  6. Affected versionversion=wasmtime: >= 6.0.0, < 6.0.1

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesauthenticated

What is affected?

Bytecode Alliance · Wasmtimeversion=cranelift-codegen: >= 0.84.0, < 0.91.1; version=cranelift-codegen: >= 0.92.0, < 0.92.1; version=cranelift-codegen: >= 0.93.0, < 0.93.1; version=wasmtime: >= 0.37.0, < 4.0.1; version=wasmtime: >= 5.0.0, < 5.0.1; version=wasmtime: >= 6.0.0, < 6.0.1

Published CVSS scores

9.9NISTCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
9.9GitHubCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 9, 2026Sep 15, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 15, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-125Out-of-bounds Read
CWE-787Out-of-bounds Write

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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