CVE-2023-26488Network attack vector

Balance overflow via skipped singleton mint update

Published Mar 3, 2023 · Updated Feb 25, 2025

Incorrect calculation in OpenZeppelin Contracts 4.8.0 through 4.8.1 allows remote authenticated users to corrupt NFT balance records. ERC721Consecutive's _mintConsecutive path records ownership for a one-token batch without increasing the recipient's stored balance. A recipient of that singleton batch can trigger arithmetic overflow during a subsequent transfer, causing balanceOf to report an invalid balance.

CVSS severity6.5
Medium
EPSS probability0.71%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Incorrect calculation in OpenZeppelin Contracts 4.8.0 through 4.8.1 allows remote authenticated users to corrupt NFT balance records. ERC721Consecutive's _mintConsecutive path records ownership for a one-token batch without increasing the recipient's stored balance. A recipient of that singleton batch can trigger arithmetic overflow during a subsequent transfer, causing balanceOf to report an invalid balance.

The record

CVE
CVE-2023-26488
Published
Mar 3, 2023
Updated
Feb 25, 2025
Vendor
OpenZeppelin
Product
OpenZeppelin Contracts
Classifications
CWE-682, T1565.001
Attack vector
network
Privileges
authenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Mar 3, 2023CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Feb 25, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=>= 4.8.0, < 4.8.2

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesauthenticated

What is affected?

OpenZeppelin · OpenZeppelin Contractsversion=>= 4.8.0, < 4.8.2

Published CVSS scores

6.5GitHub, Inc.CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-682Incorrect Calculation
T1565.001Data Manipulation: Stored Data Manipulation

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

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Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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