CVE-2023-26303

Parser crash via null child-token assertions

Published Feb 22, 2023 · Updated Mar 11, 2025

Denial of service in Executable Books markdown-it-py before 2.2.0 allows local users to crash Markdown rendering with crafted input. The renderer assumes inline and image tokens always contain child-token lists and uses assertions instead of accepting an unset list; a malformed nested-image sequence violates that assumption and raises AssertionError. Exploitation requires attacker-controlled Markdown to reach an affected parser process, and the bounded consequence is interruption of that process.

CVSS severity3.3
Low
EPSS probability0.23%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Denial of service in Executable Books markdown-it-py before 2.2.0 allows local users to crash Markdown rendering with crafted input. The renderer assumes inline and image tokens always contain child-token lists and uses assertions instead of accepting an unset list; a malformed nested-image sequence violates that assumption and raises AssertionError. Exploitation requires attacker-controlled Markdown to reach an affected parser process, and the bounded consequence is interruption of that process.

The record

CVE
CVE-2023-26303
Published
Feb 22, 2023
Updated
Mar 11, 2025
Vendor
Executable Books
Product
markdown-it-py
Classifications
CWE-173, CAPEC-267, T1499.004
Attack vector
local
Privileges
authenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Feb 22, 2023CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Mar 11, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=0 <v2.2.0 changes=[{"at":"commit ae03c61","status":"unaffected"}]

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectorlocal
Required privilegesauthenticated

What is affected?

Executable Books · markdown-it-pyversion=0 <v2.2.0 changes=[{"at":"commit ae03c61","status":"unaffected"}]

Published CVSS scores

3.3CanonicalCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L
5.5NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
7.1GitHubCVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectorlocal
Privilegesauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-173Improper Handling of Alternate Encoding
CAPEC-267Leverage Alternate Encoding
T1499.004Application or System Exploitation

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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