CVE-2023-25823Network attack vector

Unauthorized shared-demo access via exposed SSH key

Published Feb 23, 2023 · Updated Mar 10, 2025

Hard-coded credentials in Gradio before 3.13.1 allow remote attackers to access other users' shared demos through an exposed SSH key. The share-link SSH tunneling workflow sends the same private key to every user who connects to the Gradio machine instead of keeping tunnel credentials private. Exploitation requires an app launched with share=True; resulting control depends on the functions and data that the exposed demo makes reachable.

CVSS severity5.4
Medium
EPSS probability0.55%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Hard-coded credentials in Gradio before 3.13.1 allow remote attackers to access other users' shared demos through an exposed SSH key. The share-link SSH tunneling workflow sends the same private key to every user who connects to the Gradio machine instead of keeping tunnel credentials private. Exploitation requires an app launched with share=True; resulting control depends on the functions and data that the exposed demo makes reachable.

The record

CVE
CVE-2023-25823
Published
Feb 23, 2023
Updated
Mar 10, 2025
Vendor
Gradio
Product
Gradio
Classifications
CWE-798, T1552.004
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Feb 23, 2023CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Mar 10, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=< 3.13.1

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

Gradio · Gradioversion=< 3.13.1

Published CVSS scores

5.4GitHub, Inc.CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:L/A:L
9.8NIST NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-798Use of Hard-coded Credentials
T1552.004Unsecured Credentials: Private Keys

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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