CVE-2023-25491Network attack vector

Admin-to-browser script execution via unsanitized settings

Published May 6, 2023 · Updated Apr 28, 2026

Cross-site scripting in JCH Optimize 3.2.2 and earlier allows remote authenticated users to execute script via admin settings. The plugin stores administrator-controlled settings without sufficient input sanitization or output escaping, so the payload runs when a page containing the saved value is rendered. Administrator-level access and a victim viewing the affected administrative or site page are required; successful execution can read or alter browser-accessible data and perform actions as the victim.

CVSS severity4.8
Medium
EPSS probability0.37%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Cross-site scripting in JCH Optimize 3.2.2 and earlier allows remote authenticated users to execute script via admin settings. The plugin stores administrator-controlled settings without sufficient input sanitization or output escaping, so the payload runs when a page containing the saved value is rendered. Administrator-level access and a victim viewing the affected administrative or site page are required; successful execution can read or alter browser-accessible data and perform actions as the victim.

The record

CVE
CVE-2023-25491
Published
May 6, 2023
Updated
Apr 28, 2026
Vendor
JCH Optimize Project
Product
JCH Optimize
Classifications
CWE-79, T1189
Attack vector
network
Privileges
authenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. May 6, 2023CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Apr 28, 2026Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=n/a <=3.2.2 changes=[{"at":"3.2.3","status":"unaffected"}]

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesauthenticated

What is affected?

JCH Optimize Project · JCH Optimizeversion=n/a <=3.2.2 changes=[{"at":"3.2.3","status":"unaffected"}]

Published CVSS scores

5.9PatchstackCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:L
4.8NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-79Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
T1189Drive-by Compromise

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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