CVE-2023-25344Public exploitNetwork attack vector

Arbitrary code execution via include-expression code splicing

Published Mar 15, 2023 · Updated Feb 27, 2025

Code injection in swig-templates 2.0.4 and earlier and swig 1.4.2 and earlier allows attackers to execute code through crafted templates. The include tag compiler splices its file expression into generated JavaScript that the parser appends to output used to construct and invoke an anonymous function. Rendering an attacker-controlled template is required, and successful exploitation runs commands with the Node.js process's privileges.

CVSS severity9.8
Critical
EPSS probability1.03%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Code injection in swig-templates 2.0.4 and earlier and swig 1.4.2 and earlier allows attackers to execute code through crafted templates. The include tag compiler splices its file expression into generated JavaScript that the parser appends to output used to construct and invoke an anonymous function. Rendering an attacker-controlled template is required, and successful exploitation runs commands with the Node.js process's privileges.

The record

CVE
CVE-2023-25344
Published
Mar 15, 2023
Updated
Feb 27, 2025
Vendor
Unknown vendor
Product
Unknown product
Classifications
CWE-94, T1059
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Mar 15, 2023CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Feb 27, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Affected buildAffected product and version details are unavailable.

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

Affected products and versions are unavailable in this record.

Published CVSS scores

9.8NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

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No observations available

Sep 9, 2026Sep 15, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 15, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-94Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
T1059Command and Scripting Interpreter

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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