CVE-2023-2531Network attack vector

Credential brute forcing via spoofable rate-limit keys

Published May 5, 2023 · Updated Feb 12, 2025

Improper login rate limiting in AzuraCast before 0.18.3 allows remote attackers to brute-force account credentials. The RateLimit service keyed attempts with an IP address taken from attacker-controlled forwarding headers, so changing a header value created a fresh counter. No authentication or user interaction is required; successful guessing grants access only to accounts whose credentials are discovered.

CVSS severity7.3
High
EPSS probability0.79%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Improper login rate limiting in AzuraCast before 0.18.3 allows remote attackers to brute-force account credentials. The RateLimit service keyed attempts with an IP address taken from attacker-controlled forwarding headers, so changing a header value created a fresh counter. No authentication or user interaction is required; successful guessing grants access only to accounts whose credentials are discovered.

The record

CVE
CVE-2023-2531
Published
May 5, 2023
Updated
Feb 12, 2025
Vendor
AzuraCast
Product
AzuraCast
Classifications
CWE-307, T1110.001
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. May 5, 2023CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Feb 12, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=unspecified <0.18.3

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

AzuraCast · AzuraCastversion=unspecified <0.18.3

Published CVSS scores

9.8NIST NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
7.3huntr.dev CNACVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-307Improper Restriction of Excessive Authentication Attempts
T1110.001Password Guessing

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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