CVE-2023-25221Public exploit

Code execution via unchecked reference-picture index

Published Mar 1, 2023 · Updated Mar 7, 2025

Heap-buffer overflow in libde265 1.0.10 allows context-dependent attackers to execute code by supplying a crafted H.265 file. The derive_spatial_luma_vector_prediction function uses an unchecked reference-picture index to access LongTermRefPic while decoding motion vectors, producing an out-of-bounds heap read. Exploitation requires a user or automated decoder to open the crafted file; successful abuse can crash the decoder or execute code in its process context.

CVSS severity7.8
High
EPSS probability0.33%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Heap-buffer overflow in libde265 1.0.10 allows context-dependent attackers to execute code by supplying a crafted H.265 file. The derive_spatial_luma_vector_prediction function uses an unchecked reference-picture index to access LongTermRefPic while decoding motion vectors, producing an out-of-bounds heap read. Exploitation requires a user or automated decoder to open the crafted file; successful abuse can crash the decoder or execute code in its process context.

The record

CVE
CVE-2023-25221
Published
Mar 1, 2023
Updated
Mar 7, 2025
Vendor
Unknown vendor
Product
Unknown product
Classifications
CWE-787, T1203
Attack vector
local
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Mar 1, 2023CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Mar 7, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Affected buildAffected product and version details are unavailable.

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectorlocal
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

Affected products and versions are unavailable in this record.

Published CVSS scores

7.8NIST NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

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No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectorlocal
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-787Out-of-bounds Write
T1203Exploitation for Client Execution

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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