CVE-2023-25195Network attack vector

Authenticated outbound requests via unvalidated template URLs

Published Mar 28, 2023 · Updated Oct 23, 2024

SSRF in Apache Fineract 1.4 through 1.8.3 allows remote authenticated users to direct the server's outbound HTTP traffic. TemplateMergeService opens mapper-supplied URLs with HttpURLConnection without restricting their destinations. Reachability requires an authenticated account with template access, and requests can target internal services or external destinations from the Fineract host.

CVSS severity8.1
High
EPSS probability0.98%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

SSRF in Apache Fineract 1.4 through 1.8.3 allows remote authenticated users to direct the server's outbound HTTP traffic. TemplateMergeService opens mapper-supplied URLs with HttpURLConnection without restricting their destinations. Reachability requires an authenticated account with template access, and requests can target internal services or external destinations from the Fineract host.

The record

CVE
CVE-2023-25195
Published
Mar 28, 2023
Updated
Oct 23, 2024
Vendor
The Apache Software Foundation
Product
Apache Fineract
Classifications
CWE-918, CAPEC-664, T1090
Attack vector
network
Privileges
authenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Mar 28, 2023CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Oct 23, 2024Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=1.4.0 <=1.8.3
  2. Affected versionversion=1.4 <=1.8.3

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesauthenticated

What is affected?

The Apache Software Foundation · Apache Fineractversion=1.4.0 <=1.8.3; version=1.4 <=1.8.3

Published CVSS scores

8.1NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-918Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)
CAPEC-664Server Side Request Forgery
T1090Proxy

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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