CVE-2023-25157Network attack vector

Unauthenticated SQL injection via unescaped OGC filters

Published Feb 21, 2023 · Updated Mar 10, 2025

SQL injection in GeoServer before 2.21.4 and 2.22.0 through 2.22.1 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary database queries. OGC filter encoders interpolate attacker-controlled values from PropertyIsLike, FeatureId, DWithin, strStartsWith, strEndsWith, or jsonArrayContains into generated SQL without adequate escaping or parameter binding. Exposure requires a relational DataStore and the filter-specific field type or setting; database effects remain bounded by the connection account's privileges.

CVSS severity9.8
Critical
EPSS probability85.25%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
Coverage for this vulnerability

See if you're affected

Explore vulnerability checks for your environment with Hinoki.

Book a demo

Summary

What happened

SQL injection in GeoServer before 2.21.4 and 2.22.0 through 2.22.1 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary database queries. OGC filter encoders interpolate attacker-controlled values from PropertyIsLike, FeatureId, DWithin, strStartsWith, strEndsWith, or jsonArrayContains into generated SQL without adequate escaping or parameter binding. Exposure requires a relational DataStore and the filter-specific field type or setting; database effects remain bounded by the connection account's privileges.

The record

CVE
CVE-2023-25157
Published
Feb 21, 2023
Updated
Mar 10, 2025
Vendor
GeoWebCache
Product
GeoServer
Classifications
CWE-89, T1190
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Feb 21, 2023CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Mar 10, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

Compare your product and version with the public record. A matching version still requires validation against your environment.

Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=< 2.21.4
  2. Affected versionversion=>= 2.22.0, < 2.22.2

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

GeoWebCache · GeoServerversion=< 2.21.4; version=>= 2.22.0, < 2.22.2

Published CVSS scores

9.8GeoServer GitHub Security AdvisoryCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-89Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection')
T1190Exploit Public-Facing Application

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

See the directory against your own environment.

Your stack

Check the software in your environment

Book a demo to see how Hinoki identifies affected software and validates exploitability in your environment.

Book a demo