CVE-2023-25156Network attack vector

Account password guessing via unlimited login attempts

Published Feb 15, 2023 · Updated Mar 10, 2025

Improper login throttling in Kiwi TCMS before 12.0 allows remote attackers to make unlimited password guesses through the login page. The front-end configuration forwards /accounts/ requests without deriving a per-client limit key, enforcing a request-rate zone, or returning 429. No authentication is required to submit attempts; the consequence is limited to account access if a password is guessed.

CVSS severity9.8
Critical
EPSS probability0.91%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Improper login throttling in Kiwi TCMS before 12.0 allows remote attackers to make unlimited password guesses through the login page. The front-end configuration forwards /accounts/ requests without deriving a per-client limit key, enforcing a request-rate zone, or returning 429. No authentication is required to submit attempts; the consequence is limited to account access if a password is guessed.

The record

CVE
CVE-2023-25156
Published
Feb 15, 2023
Updated
Mar 10, 2025
Vendor
Kiwi TCMS
Product
Kiwi TCMS
Classifications
CWE-307, CWE-770, T1110.001
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Feb 15, 2023CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Mar 10, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=12.0 <12.0

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

Kiwi TCMS · Kiwi TCMSversion=12.0 <12.0

Published CVSS scores

9.8NIST NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
7.5GitHub, Inc.CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-307Improper Restriction of Excessive Authentication Attempts
CWE-770Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling
T1110.001Password Guessing

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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